diff --git a/src/backend/wayland/wl_backend.c b/src/backend/wayland/wl_backend.c
index b469880..91eb3ec 100644
--- a/src/backend/wayland/wl_backend.c
+++ b/src/backend/wayland/wl_backend.c
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ void W_UnregisterBacking(unsigned long id);
 /* Forward declarations                                                 */
 
 #include "wl_types.h"
+
+extern void wl_protocols_init(void);
 extern void wm_dock_app_add(struct wl_toplevel_view *v);
 extern void wm_dock_app_remove(WNativeWindow id);
 
@@ -196,9 +198,9 @@ extern void handle_pointer_motion(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 extern struct wlr_surface *view_surface_at(int px, int py, double *sx_out,
     double *sy_out, struct wl_toplevel_view **view_out);
 extern void handle_seat_request_cursor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
-static void handle_seat_request_set_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_seat_request_set_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 void handle_seat_request_start_drag(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
-static void handle_seat_request_primary_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_seat_request_primary_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 /* Compositor-internal clipboard hooks for WINGs. */
 void wl_clipboard_store_to_seat(const char *text, int len);
 char *wl_clipboard_fetch_from_seat(int *len_out);
@@ -208,10 +210,10 @@ void wl_drag_icon_show(struct W_View *view, int x, int y);
 void wl_drag_icon_move(int x, int y);
 void wl_drag_icon_hide(void);
 void wl_drag_cursor_feedback(Bool accepted);
-static void handle_idle_new_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_idle_new_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 extern void handle_pointer_axis(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
-static void handle_new_pointer_constraint(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
-static void handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_new_pointer_constraint(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 extern void handle_output_mgr_apply(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 extern void handle_output_mgr_test(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 extern void handle_output_power_set_mode(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
@@ -524,250 +526,7 @@ wl_display_open(const char *name)
              wl_state.socket_name,
              getenv("DISPLAY") ? getenv("DISPLAY") : "(unset)");
 
-    wl_state.compositor =
-        wlr_compositor_create(wl_state.display, 6, wl_state.renderer);
-    wlr_subcompositor_create(wl_state.display);
-    wl_state.seat             = wlr_seat_create(wl_state.display, "seat0");
-    wl_state.data_device_mgr  =
-        wlr_data_device_manager_create(wl_state.display);
-
-    if (wl_state.seat) {
-        wl_state.seat_request_cursor_listener.notify = handle_seat_request_cursor;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_cursor,
-                      &wl_state.seat_request_cursor_listener);
-    }
-    /* handle clipboard set-selection requests on the seat so
-     * Ctrl-C / copy operations from clients propagate to the seat selection
-     * and become available for paste in other clients. */
-    if (wl_state.seat) {
-        wl_state.seat_request_set_selection_listener.notify =
-            handle_seat_request_set_selection;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_selection,
-                      &wl_state.seat_request_set_selection_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: clipboard selection wired");
-
-        wl_state.seat_request_start_drag_listener.notify =
-            handle_seat_request_start_drag;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_start_drag,
-                      &wl_state.seat_request_start_drag_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: DND start_drag wired");
-    }
-
-    /* primary selection (middle-click paste) via
-     * zwp_primary_selection_device_manager_v1. */
-    wl_state.primary_selection_mgr =
-        wlr_primary_selection_v1_device_manager_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.primary_selection_mgr && wl_state.seat) {
-        wl_state.seat_request_primary_selection_listener.notify =
-            handle_seat_request_primary_selection;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_primary_selection,
-                      &wl_state.seat_request_primary_selection_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: primary selection (middle-click) wired");
-    }
-
-    /* xdg-output — panels and HiDPI apps query logical output
-     * geometry via zxdg_output_manager_v1.  Requires output_layout. */
-    if (wl_state.output_layout) {
-        wl_state.xdg_output_mgr =
-            wlr_xdg_output_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display,
-                                             wl_state.output_layout);
-        if (wl_state.xdg_output_mgr)
-            wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-output-manager created");
-    }
-
-    /* idle-inhibit — video players and games create inhibitor
-     * objects to suppress screen blanking while active. */
-    wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr =
-        wlr_idle_inhibit_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr) {
-        wl_state.idle_new_inhibitor_listener.notify = handle_idle_new_inhibitor;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr->events.new_inhibitor,
-                      &wl_state.idle_new_inhibitor_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: idle-inhibit manager created");
-    }
-
-    /* wp_viewporter — hardware video scaling and subsurface damage
-     * subset used by mpv, Chromium, Firefox, SDL2. */
-    wl_state.viewporter = wlr_viewporter_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.viewporter)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: wp_viewporter created");
-    else
-        wwarning("wl_backend: wp_viewporter unavailable");
-
-    wl_state.relative_pointer_mgr =
-        wlr_relative_pointer_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.relative_pointer_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: relative-pointer-manager created");
-
-    wl_state.pointer_constraints =
-        wlr_pointer_constraints_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.pointer_constraints) {
-        wl_state.new_constraint_listener.notify = handle_new_pointer_constraint;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.pointer_constraints->events.new_constraint,
-                      &wl_state.new_constraint_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: pointer-constraints created");
-    }
-
-    /* keyboard shortcuts inhibitor — fullscreen apps / remote desktop
-     * request to suppress WM keyboard shortcuts. */
-    wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr =
-        wlr_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr) {
-        wl_state.new_shortcuts_inhibitor_listener.notify =
-            handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr->events.new_inhibitor,
-                      &wl_state.new_shortcuts_inhibitor_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: keyboard-shortcuts-inhibit created");
-    }
-    /* GPU zero-copy (linux-dmabuf), screencopy, export-dmabuf.
-     * All three are purely passive globals: wlroots handles the protocol
-     * implementation internally; no event listeners are required. */
-    wl_state.linux_dmabuf =
-        wlr_linux_dmabuf_v1_create_with_renderer(wl_state.display, 4, wl_state.renderer);
-    if (wl_state.linux_dmabuf)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: linux-dmabuf created (zwp_linux_dmabuf_v1)");
-    else
-        wwarning("wl_backend: linux-dmabuf unavailable (renderer has no DRM FD)");
-    wl_state.screencopy_mgr =
-        wlr_screencopy_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.screencopy_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: screencopy manager created (zwlr_screencopy_manager_v1)");
-    wl_state.export_dmabuf_mgr =
-        wlr_export_dmabuf_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.export_dmabuf_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: export-dmabuf manager created (zwlr_export_dmabuf_manager_v1)");
-
-    /* output management (wlr-output-management), output power (DPMS),
-     * gamma control (Night Light / redshift), and presentation time feedback. */
-    wl_state.output_mgr = wlr_output_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.output_mgr) {
-        wl_state.output_mgr_apply_listener.notify = handle_output_mgr_apply;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_mgr->events.apply,
-                      &wl_state.output_mgr_apply_listener);
-        wl_state.output_mgr_test_listener.notify = handle_output_mgr_test;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_mgr->events.test,
-                      &wl_state.output_mgr_test_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: output-management created (zwlr_output_management_v1)");
-    }
-    wl_state.output_power_mgr = wlr_output_power_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.output_power_mgr) {
-        wl_state.output_power_set_mode_listener.notify = handle_output_power_set_mode;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_power_mgr->events.set_mode,
-                      &wl_state.output_power_set_mode_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: output-power-management created (zwlr_output_power_management_v1)");
-    }
-    wl_state.gamma_control_mgr = wlr_gamma_control_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.gamma_control_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: gamma-control created (zwlr_gamma_control_manager_v1)");
-    wl_state.presentation = wlr_presentation_create(wl_state.display, wl_state.backend, 1);
-    if (wl_state.presentation)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: presentation-time created (wp_presentation)");
-
-    /* text input v3, input method v2, virtual keyboard v1.
-     * All three are passive globals for IME / on-screen keyboard support. */
-    wl_state.text_input_mgr =
-        wlr_text_input_manager_v3_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.text_input_mgr) {
-        wl_state.text_input_new_listener.notify = handle_text_input_new;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.text_input_mgr->events.text_input,
-                      &wl_state.text_input_new_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: text-input-v3 created (zwp_text_input_manager_v3)");
-    }
-    wl_state.input_method_mgr =
-        wlr_input_method_manager_v2_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.input_method_mgr) {
-        wl_state.input_method_new_listener.notify = handle_input_method_new;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.input_method_mgr->events.input_method,
-                      &wl_state.input_method_new_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: input-method-v2 created (zwp_input_method_manager_v2)");
-    }
-    wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr =
-        wlr_virtual_keyboard_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr) {
-        wl_state.virtual_keyboard_new_listener.notify = handle_virtual_keyboard_new;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr->events.new_virtual_keyboard,
-                      &wl_state.virtual_keyboard_new_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: virtual-keyboard-v1 created (zwp_virtual_keyboard_manager_v1)");
-    }
-
-    /* foreign toplevel management — lets taskbars enumerate windows.
-     * xdg_activation — focus-token protocol replacing _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW. */
-    wl_state.foreign_toplevel_mgr =
-        wlr_foreign_toplevel_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.foreign_toplevel_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: foreign-toplevel-management created (zwlr_foreign_toplevel_management_v1)");
-    wl_state.xdg_activation = wlr_xdg_activation_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.xdg_activation) {
-        wl_state.xdg_activation_request_listener.notify = handle_xdg_activation_request;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.xdg_activation->events.request_activate,
-                      &wl_state.xdg_activation_request_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-activation created (xdg_activation_v1)");
-    }
-
-    wl_state.layer_shell = wlr_layer_shell_v1_create(wl_state.display, 4);
-    if (wl_state.layer_shell) {
-        wl_state.layer_shell_new_surface_listener.notify =
-            handle_layer_shell_new_surface;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.layer_shell->events.new_surface,
-                      &wl_state.layer_shell_new_surface_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: layer-shell created (zwlr_layer_shell_v1)");
-    }
-
-    /* clipboard manager (wl-clipboard/cliphist), input inhibitor
-     * (lock screen input gating), virtual pointer (remote desktop / VNC),
-     * KDE idle protocol, xdg-foreign v2 (cross-client window embedding). */
-    wl_state.data_control_mgr =
-        wlr_data_control_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.data_control_mgr)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: data-control created (zwlr_data_control_manager_v1)");
-
-    /* zwlr_input_inhibitor_v1 removed from wlroots 0.18 — use ext-session-lock-v1 */
-
-    wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr =
-        wlr_virtual_pointer_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr) {
-        wl_state.virtual_pointer_new_listener.notify =
-            handle_virtual_pointer_new;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr->events.new_virtual_pointer,
-                      &wl_state.virtual_pointer_new_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: virtual-pointer created (zwlr_virtual_pointer_manager_v1)");
-    }
-
-    /* org_kde_kwin_idle (wlr_idle) removed from wlroots 0.18 — use ext-idle-notify-v1 */
-
-    wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry =
-        wlr_xdg_foreign_registry_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry) {
-        wl_state.xdg_foreign_v2 =
-            wlr_xdg_foreign_v2_create(wl_state.display,
-                                      wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry);
-        if (wl_state.xdg_foreign_v2)
-            wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-foreign-v2 created (zxdg_exporter/importer_v2)");
-    }
-
-    wl_state.xdg_shell        = wlr_xdg_shell_create(wl_state.display, 3);
-
-    /* Advertise wmaker-popup-v1 — clients use it to drive popup positioning. */
-    wl_state.wmaker_popup_manager = wl_global_create(wl_state.display,
-        &wmaker_popup_manager_v1_interface, 1, NULL,
-        wmaker_popup_manager_bind);
-    if (wl_state.wmaker_popup_manager)
-        wwarning("wl_backend: wmaker-popup-v1 manager created");
-
-    /* advertise zxdg_decoration_manager_v1 so clients that
-     * support server-side decorations can negotiate; we respond with
-     * CLIENT_SIDE since the Wayland path has no X11 frame rendering. */
-    wl_state.decoration_manager =
-        wlr_xdg_decoration_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
-    if (wl_state.decoration_manager) {
-        wl_state.decoration_new_listener.notify = handle_new_toplevel_decoration;
-        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.decoration_manager->events.new_toplevel_decoration,
-                      &wl_state.decoration_new_listener);
-        wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-decoration-manager created");
-    }
-
-    wlr_renderer_init_wl_shm(wl_state.renderer, wl_state.display);
-    /* wl_output global is created in handle_backend_new_output. */
+    wl_protocols_init();
 
     /* 53: In wlroots 0.19, the headless backend has no input devices.
      * Real keyboard/pointer devices arrive via handle_backend_new_input when
@@ -1395,94 +1154,6 @@ wl_event_loop_terminate(void)
 /*
  * seat request_set_selection — client calls wl_data_device.set_selection
  * (i.e. Ctrl-C or other clipboard write).  Forward to wlr_seat so the
- * selection becomes available to the next client that reads it.
- */
-static void
-handle_seat_request_set_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
-{
-    (void)listener;
-    struct wlr_seat_request_set_selection_event *ev = data;
-    if (!wl_state.seat)
-        return;
-    wlr_seat_set_selection(wl_state.seat, ev->source, ev->serial);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * seat request_set_primary_selection — client writes to the
- * primary selection buffer (e.g. by selecting text).  Forward to
- * wlr_seat so middle-click paste works in other clients.
- */
-static void
-handle_seat_request_primary_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
-{
-    (void)listener;
-    struct wlr_seat_request_set_primary_selection_event *ev = data;
-    if (!wl_state.seat)
-        return;
-    wlr_seat_set_primary_selection(wl_state.seat, ev->source, ev->serial);
-}
-
-/*
- * idle_inhibit new_inhibitor — a client (e.g. mpv, a game) created
- * an idle-inhibit object.  wlroots tracks the inhibitor list internally;
- * the compositor can query wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr->inhibitors to decide
- * whether to suppress screen blanking.  For now we just log the event so
- * the capability is advertised and the inhibitor object doesn't error out.
- */
-static void
-handle_idle_new_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
-{
-    (void)listener;
-    struct wlr_idle_inhibitor_v1 *inhibitor = data;
-    (void)inhibitor;
-    wwarning("wl_backend: idle inhibitor created (client suppressing screen blank)");
-}
-
-/*
- * scroll-wheel axis event handler.
- * wlr_event_pointer_axis carries orientation (vertical/horizontal), delta,
- * delta_discrete (notches), and source (wheel vs finger).  Forward directly
- * to the seat so the focused Wayland client receives wl_pointer.axis events.
- * Without this, scrolling is silently dropped in every Wayland client.
- */
-/*
- * new pointer constraint — a client requested pointer lock or
- * pointer confinement (e.g. a game locking the cursor to its window).
- * We activate the constraint immediately so the client gets confirmed.
- * In headless mode the pointer is virtual so there is nothing physically
- * to lock, but activating keeps the client happy.
- */
-static void
-handle_new_pointer_constraint(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
-{
-    (void)listener;
-    struct wlr_pointer_constraint_v1 *constraint = data;
-    (void)constraint;
-    /* Activate immediately — in nested mode the real pointer is bounded
-     * by the host compositor's window anyway. */
-    wlr_pointer_constraint_v1_send_activated(constraint);
-    wwarning("wl_backend: pointer constraint activated");
-}
-
-/*
- * new keyboard shortcuts inhibitor — a fullscreen app or remote
- * desktop client wants to suppress WM keyboard shortcuts.
- * Activate the inhibitor immediately so the client knows it is granted.
- * The existing wWaylandKeyPress() dispatcher in handle_keyboard_key already
- * forwards all non-shortcut keys; with the inhibitor active we should skip
- * the shortcut check for that focused client.  For now we simply activate
- * and log; per-client inhibitor tracking can be refined later.
- */
-static void
-handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
-{
-    (void)listener;
-    struct wlr_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibitor_v1 *inhibitor = data;
-    wlr_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibitor_v1_activate(inhibitor);
-    wwarning("wl_backend: keyboard shortcuts inhibitor activated");
-}
-
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/wayland/wl_extensions.c b/src/backend/wayland/wl_extensions.c
index f3aa387..a16ee66 100644
--- a/src/backend/wayland/wl_extensions.c
+++ b/src/backend/wayland/wl_extensions.c
@@ -14,6 +14,50 @@
 #include "../../screen.h"
 #include "wl_types.h"
 
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_compositor.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_subcompositor.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_data_device.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_seat.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_primary_selection.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_primary_selection_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_output_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_idle_inhibit_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_viewporter.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_relative_pointer_v1.h>
+#include "protocols/pointer-constraints-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_pointer_constraints_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_screencopy_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_export_dmabuf_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_management_v1.h>
+#include "protocols/wlr-output-power-management-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_power_management_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_gamma_control_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_presentation_time.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_text_input_v3.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_input_method_v2.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_virtual_keyboard_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_foreign_toplevel_management_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_activation_v1.h>
+#include "protocols/wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_data_control_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_virtual_pointer_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_foreign_registry.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_foreign_v2.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_decoration_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_buffer.h>
+#include <wlr/interfaces/wlr_buffer.h>
+#include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
+#include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "wmaker-popup-v1-server-protocol.h"
+
+
+
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 /* Extensions / cursors / error handlers                               */
 
@@ -164,6 +208,286 @@ wl_texture_create_gc(WScreen *scr, unsigned long pixel)
     (void) scr; (void) pixel;
     return NULL;
 }
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Protocol globals — called from wl_display_open()                     */
+
+
+/* Forward declarations for handlers defined in other backend modules */
+extern void handle_seat_request_cursor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_seat_request_start_drag(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_output_mgr_apply(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_output_mgr_test(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_output_power_set_mode(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_text_input_new(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_input_method_new(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_virtual_keyboard_new(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_xdg_activation_request(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_layer_shell_new_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_virtual_pointer_new(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_new_toplevel_decoration(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void wmaker_popup_manager_bind(struct wl_client *client, void *data,
+    uint32_t version, uint32_t id);
+
+
+/* Forward declarations for handlers defined in wl_handlers.c */
+extern void handle_seat_request_set_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_seat_request_primary_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_idle_new_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_new_pointer_constraint(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+extern void handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+
+void
+wl_protocols_init(void)
+{
+    wl_state.compositor =
+        wlr_compositor_create(wl_state.display, 6, wl_state.renderer);
+    wlr_subcompositor_create(wl_state.display);
+    wl_state.seat             = wlr_seat_create(wl_state.display, "seat0");
+    wl_state.data_device_mgr  =
+        wlr_data_device_manager_create(wl_state.display);
+
+    if (wl_state.seat) {
+        wl_state.seat_request_cursor_listener.notify = handle_seat_request_cursor;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_cursor,
+                      &wl_state.seat_request_cursor_listener);
+    }
+    /* handle clipboard set-selection requests on the seat so
+     * Ctrl-C / copy operations from clients propagate to the seat selection
+     * and become available for paste in other clients. */
+    if (wl_state.seat) {
+        wl_state.seat_request_set_selection_listener.notify =
+            handle_seat_request_set_selection;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_selection,
+                      &wl_state.seat_request_set_selection_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: clipboard selection wired");
+
+        wl_state.seat_request_start_drag_listener.notify =
+            handle_seat_request_start_drag;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_start_drag,
+                      &wl_state.seat_request_start_drag_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: DND start_drag wired");
+    }
+
+    /* primary selection (middle-click paste) via
+     * zwp_primary_selection_device_manager_v1. */
+    wl_state.primary_selection_mgr =
+        wlr_primary_selection_v1_device_manager_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.primary_selection_mgr && wl_state.seat) {
+        wl_state.seat_request_primary_selection_listener.notify =
+            handle_seat_request_primary_selection;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.seat->events.request_set_primary_selection,
+                      &wl_state.seat_request_primary_selection_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: primary selection (middle-click) wired");
+    }
+
+    /* xdg-output — panels and HiDPI apps query logical output
+     * geometry via zxdg_output_manager_v1.  Requires output_layout. */
+    if (wl_state.output_layout) {
+        wl_state.xdg_output_mgr =
+            wlr_xdg_output_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display,
+                                             wl_state.output_layout);
+        if (wl_state.xdg_output_mgr)
+            wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-output-manager created");
+    }
+
+    /* idle-inhibit — video players and games create inhibitor
+     * objects to suppress screen blanking while active. */
+    wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr =
+        wlr_idle_inhibit_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr) {
+        wl_state.idle_new_inhibitor_listener.notify = handle_idle_new_inhibitor;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.idle_inhibit_mgr->events.new_inhibitor,
+                      &wl_state.idle_new_inhibitor_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: idle-inhibit manager created");
+    }
+
+    /* wp_viewporter — hardware video scaling and subsurface damage
+     * subset used by mpv, Chromium, Firefox, SDL2. */
+    wl_state.viewporter = wlr_viewporter_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.viewporter)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: wp_viewporter created");
+    else
+        wwarning("wl_backend: wp_viewporter unavailable");
+
+    wl_state.relative_pointer_mgr =
+        wlr_relative_pointer_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.relative_pointer_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: relative-pointer-manager created");
+
+    wl_state.pointer_constraints =
+        wlr_pointer_constraints_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.pointer_constraints) {
+        wl_state.new_constraint_listener.notify = handle_new_pointer_constraint;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.pointer_constraints->events.new_constraint,
+                      &wl_state.new_constraint_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: pointer-constraints created");
+    }
+
+    /* keyboard shortcuts inhibitor — fullscreen apps / remote desktop
+     * request to suppress WM keyboard shortcuts. */
+    wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr =
+        wlr_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr) {
+        wl_state.new_shortcuts_inhibitor_listener.notify =
+            handle_new_shortcuts_inhibitor;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.shortcuts_inhibit_mgr->events.new_inhibitor,
+                      &wl_state.new_shortcuts_inhibitor_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: keyboard-shortcuts-inhibit created");
+    }
+    /* GPU zero-copy (linux-dmabuf), screencopy, export-dmabuf.
+     * All three are purely passive globals: wlroots handles the protocol
+     * implementation internally; no event listeners are required. */
+    wl_state.linux_dmabuf =
+        wlr_linux_dmabuf_v1_create_with_renderer(wl_state.display, 4, wl_state.renderer);
+    if (wl_state.linux_dmabuf)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: linux-dmabuf created (zwp_linux_dmabuf_v1)");
+    else
+        wwarning("wl_backend: linux-dmabuf unavailable (renderer has no DRM FD)");
+    wl_state.screencopy_mgr =
+        wlr_screencopy_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.screencopy_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: screencopy manager created (zwlr_screencopy_manager_v1)");
+    wl_state.export_dmabuf_mgr =
+        wlr_export_dmabuf_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.export_dmabuf_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: export-dmabuf manager created (zwlr_export_dmabuf_manager_v1)");
+
+    /* output management (wlr-output-management), output power (DPMS),
+     * gamma control (Night Light / redshift), and presentation time feedback. */
+    wl_state.output_mgr = wlr_output_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.output_mgr) {
+        wl_state.output_mgr_apply_listener.notify = handle_output_mgr_apply;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_mgr->events.apply,
+                      &wl_state.output_mgr_apply_listener);
+        wl_state.output_mgr_test_listener.notify = handle_output_mgr_test;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_mgr->events.test,
+                      &wl_state.output_mgr_test_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: output-management created (zwlr_output_management_v1)");
+    }
+    wl_state.output_power_mgr = wlr_output_power_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.output_power_mgr) {
+        wl_state.output_power_set_mode_listener.notify = handle_output_power_set_mode;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.output_power_mgr->events.set_mode,
+                      &wl_state.output_power_set_mode_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: output-power-management created (zwlr_output_power_management_v1)");
+    }
+    wl_state.gamma_control_mgr = wlr_gamma_control_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.gamma_control_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: gamma-control created (zwlr_gamma_control_manager_v1)");
+    wl_state.presentation = wlr_presentation_create(wl_state.display, wl_state.backend, 1);
+    if (wl_state.presentation)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: presentation-time created (wp_presentation)");
+
+    /* text input v3, input method v2, virtual keyboard v1.
+     * All three are passive globals for IME / on-screen keyboard support. */
+    wl_state.text_input_mgr =
+        wlr_text_input_manager_v3_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.text_input_mgr) {
+        wl_state.text_input_new_listener.notify = handle_text_input_new;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.text_input_mgr->events.text_input,
+                      &wl_state.text_input_new_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: text-input-v3 created (zwp_text_input_manager_v3)");
+    }
+    wl_state.input_method_mgr =
+        wlr_input_method_manager_v2_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.input_method_mgr) {
+        wl_state.input_method_new_listener.notify = handle_input_method_new;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.input_method_mgr->events.input_method,
+                      &wl_state.input_method_new_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: input-method-v2 created (zwp_input_method_manager_v2)");
+    }
+    wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr =
+        wlr_virtual_keyboard_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr) {
+        wl_state.virtual_keyboard_new_listener.notify = handle_virtual_keyboard_new;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.virtual_keyboard_mgr->events.new_virtual_keyboard,
+                      &wl_state.virtual_keyboard_new_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: virtual-keyboard-v1 created (zwp_virtual_keyboard_manager_v1)");
+    }
+
+    /* foreign toplevel management — lets taskbars enumerate windows.
+     * xdg_activation — focus-token protocol replacing _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW. */
+    wl_state.foreign_toplevel_mgr =
+        wlr_foreign_toplevel_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.foreign_toplevel_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: foreign-toplevel-management created (zwlr_foreign_toplevel_management_v1)");
+    wl_state.xdg_activation = wlr_xdg_activation_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.xdg_activation) {
+        wl_state.xdg_activation_request_listener.notify = handle_xdg_activation_request;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.xdg_activation->events.request_activate,
+                      &wl_state.xdg_activation_request_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-activation created (xdg_activation_v1)");
+    }
+
+    wl_state.layer_shell = wlr_layer_shell_v1_create(wl_state.display, 4);
+    if (wl_state.layer_shell) {
+        wl_state.layer_shell_new_surface_listener.notify =
+            handle_layer_shell_new_surface;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.layer_shell->events.new_surface,
+                      &wl_state.layer_shell_new_surface_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: layer-shell created (zwlr_layer_shell_v1)");
+    }
+
+    /* clipboard manager (wl-clipboard/cliphist), input inhibitor
+     * (lock screen input gating), virtual pointer (remote desktop / VNC),
+     * KDE idle protocol, xdg-foreign v2 (cross-client window embedding). */
+    wl_state.data_control_mgr =
+        wlr_data_control_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.data_control_mgr)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: data-control created (zwlr_data_control_manager_v1)");
+
+    /* zwlr_input_inhibitor_v1 removed from wlroots 0.18 — use ext-session-lock-v1 */
+
+    wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr =
+        wlr_virtual_pointer_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr) {
+        wl_state.virtual_pointer_new_listener.notify =
+            handle_virtual_pointer_new;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.virtual_pointer_mgr->events.new_virtual_pointer,
+                      &wl_state.virtual_pointer_new_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: virtual-pointer created (zwlr_virtual_pointer_manager_v1)");
+    }
+
+    /* org_kde_kwin_idle (wlr_idle) removed from wlroots 0.18 — use ext-idle-notify-v1 */
+
+    wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry =
+        wlr_xdg_foreign_registry_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry) {
+        wl_state.xdg_foreign_v2 =
+            wlr_xdg_foreign_v2_create(wl_state.display,
+                                      wl_state.xdg_foreign_registry);
+        if (wl_state.xdg_foreign_v2)
+            wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-foreign-v2 created (zxdg_exporter/importer_v2)");
+    }
+
+    wl_state.xdg_shell        = wlr_xdg_shell_create(wl_state.display, 3);
+
+    /* Advertise wmaker-popup-v1 — clients use it to drive popup positioning. */
+    wl_state.wmaker_popup_manager = wl_global_create(wl_state.display,
+        &wmaker_popup_manager_v1_interface, 1, NULL,
+        wmaker_popup_manager_bind);
+    if (wl_state.wmaker_popup_manager)
+        wwarning("wl_backend: wmaker-popup-v1 manager created");
+
+    /* advertise zxdg_decoration_manager_v1 so clients that
+     * support server-side decorations can negotiate; we respond with
+     * CLIENT_SIDE since the Wayland path has no X11 frame rendering. */
+    wl_state.decoration_manager =
+        wlr_xdg_decoration_manager_v1_create(wl_state.display);
+    if (wl_state.decoration_manager) {
+        wl_state.decoration_new_listener.notify = handle_new_toplevel_decoration;
+        wl_signal_add(&wl_state.decoration_manager->events.new_toplevel_decoration,
+                      &wl_state.decoration_new_listener);
+        wwarning("wl_backend: xdg-decoration-manager created");
+    }
+
+    wlr_renderer_init_wl_shm(wl_state.renderer, wl_state.display);
+    /* wl_output global is created in handle_backend_new_output. */
+
+}
+
+
+
 
 void
 wl_texture_free_gc(GC gc)